4,034 research outputs found
Galaxy clusters and microwave background anisotropy
Previous estimates of the microwave background anisotropies produced by
freely falling spherical clusters are discussed. These estimates are based on
the Swiss-Cheese and Tolman-Bondi models. It is proved that these models give
only upper limits to the anisotropies produced by the observed galaxy clusters.
By using spherically symmetric codes including pressureless matter and a hot
baryonic gas, new upper limits are obtained. The contributions of the hot gas
and the pressureless component to the total anisotropy are compared. The
effects produced by the pressure are proved to be negligible; hence,
estimations of the cluster anisotropies based on N-body simulations are
hereafter justified. After the phenomenon of violent relaxation, any realistic
rich cluster can only produce small anisotropies with amplitudes of order
. During the rapid process of violent relaxation, the anisotropies
produced by nonlinear clusters are expected to range in the interval
. The angular scales of these anisotropies are discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 3 postscript figures, accepted MNRA
Legendre expansion of the neutrino-antineutrino annihilation kernel: Influence of high order terms
We calculate the Legendre expansion of the rate of the process up to 3rd order extending previous results
of other authors which only consider the 0th and 1st order terms. Using
different closure relations for the moment equations of the radiative transfer
equation we discuss the physical implications of taking into account quadratic
and cubic terms on the energy deposition outside the neutrinosphere in a
simplified model. The main conclusion is that 2nd order is necessary in the
semi-transparent region and gives good results if an appropriate closure
relation is used.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. To be published in A&A Supplement Serie
Numerical evolution of matter in dynamical axisymmetric black hole spacetimes. I. Methods and tests
We have developed a numerical code to study the evolution of self-gravitating
matter in dynamic black hole axisymmetric spacetimes in general relativity. The
matter fields are evolved with a high-resolution shock-capturing scheme that
uses the characteristic information of the general relativistic hydrodynamic
equations to build up a linearized Riemann solver. The spacetime is evolved
with an axisymmetric ADM code designed to evolve a wormhole in full general
relativity. We discuss the numerical and algorithmic issues related to the
effective coupling of the hydrodynamical and spacetime pieces of the code, as
well as the numerical methods and gauge conditions we use to evolve such
spacetimes. The code has been put through a series of tests that verify that it
functions correctly. Particularly, we develop and describe a new set of testbed
calculations and techniques designed to handle dynamically sliced,
self-gravitating matter flows on black holes, and subject the code to these
tests. We make some studies of the spherical and axisymmetric accretion onto a
dynamic black hole, the fully dynamical evolution of imploding shells of dust
with a black hole, the evolution of matter in rotating spacetimes, the
gravitational radiation induced by the presence of the matter fields and the
behavior of apparent horizons through the evolution.Comment: 42 pages, 20 figures, submitted to Phys Rev
Leibniz algebroid associated with a Nambu-Poisson structure
The notion of Leibniz algebroid is introduced, and it is shown that each
Nambu-Poisson manifold has associated a canonical Leibniz algebroid. This fact
permits to define the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold as an
appropiate cohomology class, extending the well-known modular class of Poisson
manifolds
Magneto-Acoustic Waves of Small Amplitude in Optically Thin Quasi-Isentropic Plasmas
The evolution of quasi-isentropic magnetohydrodynamic waves of small but
finite amplitude in an optically thin plasma is analyzed. The plasma is assumed
to be initially homogeneous, in thermal equilibrium and with a straight and
homogeneous magnetic field frozen in. Depending on the particular form of the
heating/cooling function, the plasma may act as a dissipative or active medium
for magnetoacoustic waves, while Alfven waves are not directly affected. An
evolutionary equation for fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves in the single
wave limit, has been derived and solved, allowing us to analyse the wave
modification by competition of weakly nonlinear and quasi-isentropic effects.
It was shown that the sign of the quasi-isentropic term determines the scenario
of the evolution, either dissipative or active. In the dissipative case, when
the plasma is first order isentropically stable the magnetoacoustic waves are
damped and the time for shock wave formation is delayed. However, in the active
case when the plasma is isentropically overstable, the wave amplitude grows,
the strength of the shock increases and the breaking time decreases. The
magnitude of the above effects depends upon the angle between the wave vector
and the magnetic field. For hot (T > 10^4 K) atomic plasmas with solar
abundances either in the interstellar medium or in the solar atmosphere, as
well as for the cold (T < 10^3 K) ISM molecular gas, the range of temperature
where the plasma is isentropically unstable and the corresponding time and
length-scale for wave breaking have been found.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. To appear in ApJ January 200
More, More, More: Reducing Thrombosis in Acute Coronary Syndromes Beyond Dual Antiplatelet Therapy-Current Data and Future Directions.
© 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.Common to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is the formation of arterial thrombus, which results from platelet activation and triggering of the coagulation cascade.1 To attenuate the risk of future thrombotic events, patients with ACS are treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), namely, the combination of aspirin with a P2Y12 inhibitor, such as clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel. Despite DAPT, some â10% of ACS patients experience recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events over the subsequent 30 days,2 driving the quest for more effective inhibition of thrombotic pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of studies to date and those ongoing that aim to deliver more effective combinations of antithrombotic agents to patients with recent ACS. We have chosen to confine the review to ACS patients without atrial fibrillation because those with atrial fibrillation have a clear indication for combination therapy that includes oral anticoagulation and should, we feel, be treated as a separate cohort. In this article, we discuss the limitations of the currently available clinical trial data and future directions, with suggestions for how practice might change to reduce the risk of coronary thrombosis in those at greatest risk, with minimal impact on bleeding.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio
Allelic variation observed at one microsatellite locus between the two synonym grape cultivars Black Currant and Mavri Corinthiaki
Research NoteBlack Currant and Mavri Corinthiaki are considered synonyms for Corinthe Noir, a parthenocarpic seedless raisin cultivar. No differences between them were found by RAPD analysis with 1 1 primers. They also have the same genotype in 15 out of 16 microsatellite loci, demonstrating the Black Currant and Mavri Corinthiaki are essentially identical. Nevertheless, a difference was observed in one allele at one locus (VVMD7): the Black Currant genotype is 240:246 while the Mavri Corinthiaki genotype is 240:248. A mutation in the microsatellite sequence might be responsible for that difference. Possible consequences of such mutations are discussed
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